Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - Managing Comorbidities

Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition characterized by signs of volume overload or symptoms such as dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and fatigue. Being a syndrome, HF is not explained by one unifying pathophysiologic cause.  Rather, various mechanisms lead to the deficit between the amount of blood delivered and the amount of blood that needs to be delivered through the body to maintain homeostasis.  HF is defined as the previously mentioned signs or symptoms being caused by structural or functional cardiac abnormalities plus either 1) elevated natriuretic peptides (e.g., BNP) or 2) objective evidence of

Goodbye to Andexanet Alfa (AndexxaⓇ)

Andexanet alfa (Andexxa) made its quiet exit from the U.S. market just a few weeks ago.  It's an interesting story so in case you missed it, I'll recap what andexanet alfa is, or rather was, and what happened that led to its removal.  Being pulled from the U.S. market may have come to a surprise for some considering its main study (ANNEXA-I) was stopped early for successfully meeting its main efficacy outcome. While having a trial stopped early for superior efficacy results sounds good on the surface, it can have negative ramifications on other aspects of the clinical inquiry (explained below).